[v2] test: restructure and cleanup ring PMD test

Message ID 1537967485-20619-1-git-send-email-jananeex.m.parthasarathy@intel.com (mailing list archive)
State Accepted, archived
Delegated to: Thomas Monjalon
Headers
Series [v2] test: restructure and cleanup ring PMD test |

Checks

Context Check Description
ci/checkpatch success coding style OK

Commit Message

Jananee Parthasarathy Sept. 26, 2018, 1:11 p.m. UTC
  From: Chaitanya Babu Talluri <tallurix.chaitanya.babu@intel.com>

Divided main test to smaller logical tests.
Registered with UT framework.
Added cleanup of the resources else ring creation fails
during consecutive test runs.
Freed the allocated mempool, rings and uninitalized the drivers.

Signed-off-by: Chaitanya Babu Talluri <tallurix.chaitanya.babu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reshma Pattan <reshma.pattan@intel.com>
---
v2: Corrected the tab spaces.
---
  
 test/test/test_pmd_ring.c | 326 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 195 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-)
  

Comments

Pattan, Reshma Oct. 9, 2018, 9:07 a.m. UTC | #1
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Parthasarathy, JananeeX M
> Sent: Wednesday, September 26, 2018 2:11 PM
> To: dev@dpdk.org
> Cc: Pattan, Reshma <reshma.pattan@intel.com>; Chaitanya Babu, TalluriX
> <tallurix.chaitanya.babu@intel.com>
> Subject: [PATCH v2] test: restructure and cleanup ring PMD test
> 
> From: Chaitanya Babu Talluri <tallurix.chaitanya.babu@intel.com>
> 
> Divided main test to smaller logical tests.
> Registered with UT framework.
> Added cleanup of the resources else ring creation fails during consecutive test
> runs.
> Freed the allocated mempool, rings and uninitalized the drivers.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Chaitanya Babu Talluri <tallurix.chaitanya.babu@intel.com>
> Reviewed-by: Reshma Pattan <reshma.pattan@intel.com>
> ---
> v2: Corrected the tab spaces.
> ---

Acked-by: Reshma Pattan <reshma.pattan@intel.com>
  
Thomas Monjalon Oct. 29, 2018, 2:54 a.m. UTC | #2
26/09/2018 15:11, Jananee Parthasarathy:
> From: Chaitanya Babu Talluri <tallurix.chaitanya.babu@intel.com>
> 
> Divided main test to smaller logical tests.
> Registered with UT framework.
> Added cleanup of the resources else ring creation fails
> during consecutive test runs.
> Freed the allocated mempool, rings and uninitalized the drivers.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Chaitanya Babu Talluri <tallurix.chaitanya.babu@intel.com>
> Reviewed-by: Reshma Pattan <reshma.pattan@intel.com>

Applied, thanks
  

Patch

diff --git a/test/test/test_pmd_ring.c b/test/test/test_pmd_ring.c
index 19d7d20a0..6414bbd18 100644
--- a/test/test/test_pmd_ring.c
+++ b/test/test/test_pmd_ring.c
@@ -2,20 +2,22 @@ 
  * Copyright(c) 2010-2015 Intel Corporation
  */
 #include "test.h"
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 #include <rte_eth_ring.h>
 #include <rte_ethdev.h>
-
-static struct rte_mempool *mp;
-static int tx_porta, rx_portb, rxtx_portc, rxtx_portd, rxtx_porte;
+#include <rte_bus_vdev.h>
 
 #define SOCKET0 0
 #define RING_SIZE 256
 #define NUM_RINGS 2
 #define NB_MBUF 512
 
+static struct rte_mempool *mp;
+struct rte_ring *rxtx[NUM_RINGS];
+static int tx_porta, rx_portb, rxtx_portc, rxtx_portd, rxtx_porte;
 
 static int
 test_ethdev_configure_port(int port)
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@  test_ethdev_configure_port(int port)
 	}
 
 	if (rte_eth_rx_queue_setup(port, 0, RING_SIZE, SOCKET0,
-			NULL, mp) < 0) {
+				NULL, mp) < 0) {
 		printf("RX queue setup failed port %d\n", port);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -71,21 +73,21 @@  test_send_basic_packets(void)
 
 	if (rte_eth_tx_burst(tx_porta, 0, pbufs, RING_SIZE/2) < RING_SIZE/2) {
 		printf("Failed to transmit packet burst port %d\n", tx_porta);
-		return -1;
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	if (rte_eth_rx_burst(rx_portb, 0, pbufs, RING_SIZE) != RING_SIZE/2) {
 		printf("Failed to receive packet burst on port %d\n", rx_portb);
-		return -1;
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < RING_SIZE/2; i++)
 		if (pbufs[i] != &bufs[i]) {
 			printf("Error: received data does not match that transmitted\n");
-			return -1;
+			return TEST_FAILED;
 		}
 
-	return 0;
+	return TEST_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -212,7 +214,7 @@  test_stats_reset(int port)
 }
 
 static int
-test_pmd_ring_pair_create_attach(int portd, int porte)
+test_pmd_ring_pair_create_attach(void)
 {
 	struct rte_eth_stats stats, stats2;
 	struct rte_mbuf buf, *pbuf = &buf;
@@ -220,185 +222,218 @@  test_pmd_ring_pair_create_attach(int portd, int porte)
 
 	memset(&null_conf, 0, sizeof(struct rte_eth_conf));
 
-	if ((rte_eth_dev_configure(portd, 1, 1, &null_conf) < 0)
-		|| (rte_eth_dev_configure(porte, 1, 1, &null_conf) < 0)) {
+	if ((rte_eth_dev_configure(rxtx_portd, 1, 1, &null_conf) < 0)
+			|| (rte_eth_dev_configure(rxtx_porte, 1, 1,
+					&null_conf) < 0)) {
 		printf("Configure failed for port\n");
-		return -1;
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	if ((rte_eth_tx_queue_setup(portd, 0, RING_SIZE, SOCKET0, NULL) < 0)
-		|| (rte_eth_tx_queue_setup(porte, 0, RING_SIZE, SOCKET0, NULL) < 0)) {
+	if ((rte_eth_tx_queue_setup(rxtx_portd, 0, RING_SIZE,
+					SOCKET0, NULL) < 0)
+			|| (rte_eth_tx_queue_setup(rxtx_porte, 0, RING_SIZE,
+					SOCKET0, NULL) < 0)) {
 		printf("TX queue setup failed\n");
-		return -1;
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	if ((rte_eth_rx_queue_setup(portd, 0, RING_SIZE, SOCKET0, NULL, mp) < 0)
-		|| (rte_eth_rx_queue_setup(porte, 0, RING_SIZE, SOCKET0, NULL, mp) < 0)) {
+	if ((rte_eth_rx_queue_setup(rxtx_portd, 0, RING_SIZE,
+					SOCKET0, NULL, mp) < 0)
+			|| (rte_eth_rx_queue_setup(rxtx_porte, 0, RING_SIZE,
+					SOCKET0, NULL, mp) < 0)) {
 		printf("RX queue setup failed\n");
-		return -1;
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	if ((rte_eth_dev_start(portd) < 0)
-		|| (rte_eth_dev_start(porte) < 0)) {
+	if ((rte_eth_dev_start(rxtx_portd) < 0)
+			|| (rte_eth_dev_start(rxtx_porte) < 0)) {
 		printf("Error starting port\n");
-		return -1;
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	rte_eth_stats_reset(portd);
+	rte_eth_stats_reset(rxtx_portd);
 	/* check stats of port, should all be zero */
-	rte_eth_stats_get(portd, &stats);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_portd, &stats);
 	if (stats.ipackets != 0 || stats.opackets != 0 ||
 			stats.ibytes != 0 || stats.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats.ierrors != 0 || stats.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not zero\n", portd);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not zero\n", rxtx_portd);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	rte_eth_stats_reset(porte);
+	rte_eth_stats_reset(rxtx_porte);
 	/* check stats of port, should all be zero */
-	rte_eth_stats_get(porte, &stats2);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_porte, &stats2);
 	if (stats2.ipackets != 0 || stats2.opackets != 0 ||
 			stats2.ibytes != 0 || stats2.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats2.ierrors != 0 || stats2.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not zero\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not zero\n", rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * send and receive 1 packet (portd -> porte)
+	 * send and receive 1 packet (rxtx_portd -> rxtx_porte)
 	 * and check for stats update
 	 */
-	printf("Testing send and receive 1 packet (portd -> porte)\n");
-	if (rte_eth_tx_burst(portd, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
-		printf("Error sending packet to port %d\n", portd);
-		return -1;
+	printf("Testing send and receive 1 packet (rxtx_portd -> rxtx_porte)\n");
+	if (rte_eth_tx_burst(rxtx_portd, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
+		printf("Error sending packet to port %d\n", rxtx_portd);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	if (rte_eth_rx_burst(porte, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
-		printf("Error receiving packet from port %d\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+	if (rte_eth_rx_burst(rxtx_porte, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
+		printf("Error receiving packet from port %d\n", rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	rte_eth_stats_get(portd, &stats);
-	rte_eth_stats_get(porte, &stats2);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_portd, &stats);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_porte, &stats2);
 	if (stats.ipackets != 0 || stats.opackets != 1 ||
 			stats.ibytes != 0 || stats.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats.ierrors != 0 || stats.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n", portd);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n",
+				rxtx_portd);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	if (stats2.ipackets != 1 || stats2.opackets != 0 ||
 			stats2.ibytes != 0 || stats2.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats2.ierrors != 0 || stats2.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n",
+				rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * send and receive 1 packet (porte -> portd)
+	 * send and receive 1 packet (rxtx_porte -> rxtx_portd)
 	 * and check for stats update
 	 */
-	printf("Testing send and receive 1 packet (porte -> portd)\n");
-	if (rte_eth_tx_burst(porte, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
-		printf("Error sending packet to port %d\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+	printf("Testing send and receive 1 packet "
+			"(rxtx_porte -> rxtx_portd)\n");
+	if (rte_eth_tx_burst(rxtx_porte, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
+		printf("Error sending packet to port %d\n", rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	if (rte_eth_rx_burst(portd, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
-		printf("Error receiving packet from port %d\n", portd);
-		return -1;
+	if (rte_eth_rx_burst(rxtx_portd, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
+		printf("Error receiving packet from port %d\n", rxtx_portd);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	rte_eth_stats_get(portd, &stats);
-	rte_eth_stats_get(porte, &stats2);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_portd, &stats);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_porte, &stats2);
 	if (stats.ipackets != 1 || stats.opackets != 1 ||
 			stats.ibytes != 0 || stats.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats.ierrors != 0 || stats.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n", portd);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n",
+				rxtx_portd);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	if (stats2.ipackets != 1 || stats2.opackets != 1 ||
 			stats2.ibytes != 0 || stats2.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats2.ierrors != 0 || stats2.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n",
+				rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * send and receive 1 packet (portd -> portd)
+	 * send and receive 1 packet (rxtx_portd -> rxtx_portd)
 	 * and check for stats update
 	 */
-	printf("Testing send and receive 1 packet (portd -> portd)\n");
-	if (rte_eth_tx_burst(portd, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
-		printf("Error sending packet to port %d\n", portd);
-		return -1;
+	printf("Testing send and receive 1 packet "
+			"(rxtx_portd -> rxtx_portd)\n");
+	if (rte_eth_tx_burst(rxtx_portd, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
+		printf("Error sending packet to port %d\n", rxtx_portd);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	if (rte_eth_rx_burst(portd, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
-		printf("Error receiving packet from port %d\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+	if (rte_eth_rx_burst(rxtx_portd, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
+		printf("Error receiving packet from port %d\n", rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	rte_eth_stats_get(portd, &stats);
-	rte_eth_stats_get(porte, &stats2);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_portd, &stats);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_porte, &stats2);
 	if (stats.ipackets != 2 || stats.opackets != 2 ||
 			stats.ibytes != 0 || stats.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats.ierrors != 0 || stats.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n", portd);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n",
+				rxtx_portd);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	if (stats2.ipackets != 1 || stats2.opackets != 1 ||
 			stats2.ibytes != 0 || stats2.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats2.ierrors != 0 || stats2.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n",
+				rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * send and receive 1 packet (porte -> porte)
+	 * send and receive 1 packet (rxtx_porte -> rxtx_porte)
 	 * and check for stats update
 	 */
-	printf("Testing send and receive 1 packet (porte -> porte)\n");
-	if (rte_eth_tx_burst(porte, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
-		printf("Error sending packet to port %d\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+	printf("Testing send and receive 1 packet "
+			"(rxtx_porte -> rxtx_porte)\n");
+	if (rte_eth_tx_burst(rxtx_porte, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
+		printf("Error sending packet to port %d\n", rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	if (rte_eth_rx_burst(porte, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
-		printf("Error receiving packet from port %d\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+	if (rte_eth_rx_burst(rxtx_porte, 0, &pbuf, 1) != 1) {
+		printf("Error receiving packet from port %d\n", rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	rte_eth_stats_get(portd, &stats);
-	rte_eth_stats_get(porte, &stats2);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_portd, &stats);
+	rte_eth_stats_get(rxtx_porte, &stats2);
 	if (stats.ipackets != 2 || stats.opackets != 2 ||
 			stats.ibytes != 0 || stats.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats.ierrors != 0 || stats.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n", portd);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n",
+				rxtx_portd);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
 	if (stats2.ipackets != 2 || stats2.opackets != 2 ||
 			stats2.ibytes != 0 || stats2.obytes != 0 ||
 			stats2.ierrors != 0 || stats2.oerrors != 0) {
-		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n", porte);
-		return -1;
+		printf("Error: port %d stats are not as expected\n",
+				rxtx_porte);
+		return TEST_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	rte_eth_dev_stop(portd);
-	rte_eth_dev_stop(porte);
+	rte_eth_dev_stop(rxtx_portd);
+	rte_eth_dev_stop(rxtx_porte);
 
-	return 0;
+	return TEST_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void
+test_cleanup_resources(void)
+{
+	int itr;
+	for (itr = 0; itr < NUM_RINGS; itr++)
+		rte_ring_free(rxtx[itr]);
+
+	rte_eth_dev_stop(tx_porta);
+	rte_eth_dev_stop(rx_portb);
+	rte_eth_dev_stop(rxtx_portc);
+
+	rte_mempool_free(mp);
+	rte_vdev_uninit("net_ring_net_ringa");
+	rte_vdev_uninit("net_ring_net_ringb");
+	rte_vdev_uninit("net_ring_net_ringc");
+	rte_vdev_uninit("net_ring_net_ringd");
+	rte_vdev_uninit("net_ring_net_ringe");
 }
 
 static int
-test_pmd_ring(void)
+test_pmd_ringcreate_setup(void)
 {
-	struct rte_ring *rxtx[NUM_RINGS];
-	int port, cmdl_port0 = -1;
 	uint8_t nb_ports;
 
 	nb_ports = rte_eth_dev_count_avail();
@@ -431,53 +466,33 @@  test_pmd_ring(void)
 			tx_porta, rx_portb, rxtx_portc, rxtx_portd, rxtx_porte);
 
 	if ((tx_porta == -1) || (rx_portb == -1) || (rxtx_portc == -1)
-		|| (rxtx_portd == -1) || (rxtx_porte == -1)) {
+			|| (rxtx_portd == -1) || (rxtx_porte == -1)) {
 		printf("rte_eth_from rings failed\n");
 		return -1;
 	}
 
 	mp = rte_pktmbuf_pool_create("mbuf_pool", NB_MBUF, 32,
-		0, RTE_MBUF_DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, rte_socket_id());
+			0, RTE_MBUF_DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, rte_socket_id());
 	if (mp == NULL)
 		return -1;
 
 	if ((tx_porta >= RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS) || (rx_portb >= RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS)
-		|| (rxtx_portc >= RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS)
-		|| (rxtx_portd >= RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS)
-		|| (rxtx_porte >= RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS)) {
+			|| (rxtx_portc >= RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS)
+			|| (rxtx_portd >= RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS)
+			|| (rxtx_porte >= RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS)) {
 		printf(" port exceed max eth ports\n");
 		return -1;
 	}
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	if (test_ethdev_configure_port(tx_porta) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (test_ethdev_configure_port(rx_portb) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (test_ethdev_configure_port(rxtx_portc) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (test_send_basic_packets() < 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (test_get_stats(rxtx_portc) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (test_stats_reset(rxtx_portc) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	rte_eth_dev_stop(tx_porta);
-	rte_eth_dev_stop(rx_portb);
-	rte_eth_dev_stop(rxtx_portc);
-
-	if (test_pmd_ring_pair_create_attach(rxtx_portd, rxtx_porte) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
+static int
+test_command_line_ring_port(void)
+{
+	int port, cmdl_port0 = -1;
 	/* find a port created with the --vdev=net_ring0 command line option */
 	RTE_ETH_FOREACH_DEV(port) {
 		struct rte_eth_dev_info dev_info;
-
 		rte_eth_dev_info_get(port, &dev_info);
 		if (!strcmp(dev_info.driver_name, "Rings PMD")) {
 			printf("found a command line ring port=%d\n", port);
@@ -486,17 +501,66 @@  test_pmd_ring(void)
 		}
 	}
 	if (cmdl_port0 != -1) {
-		if (test_ethdev_configure_port(cmdl_port0) < 0)
-			return -1;
-		if (test_send_basic_packets_port(cmdl_port0) < 0)
-			return -1;
-		if (test_stats_reset(cmdl_port0) < 0)
-			return -1;
-		if (test_get_stats(cmdl_port0) < 0)
-			return -1;
+		TEST_ASSERT((test_ethdev_configure_port(cmdl_port0) < 0),
+				"test ethdev configure port cmdl_port0 is failed");
+		TEST_ASSERT((test_send_basic_packets_port(cmdl_port0) < 0),
+				"test send basic packets port cmdl_port0 is failed");
+		TEST_ASSERT((test_stats_reset(cmdl_port0) < 0),
+				"test stats reset cmdl_port0 is failed");
+		TEST_ASSERT((test_get_stats(cmdl_port0) < 0),
+				"test get stats cmdl_port0 is failed");
 		rte_eth_dev_stop(cmdl_port0);
 	}
-	return 0;
+	return TEST_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+test_ethdev_configure_ports(void)
+{
+	TEST_ASSERT((test_ethdev_configure_port(tx_porta) == 0),
+			"test ethdev configure ports tx_porta is failed");
+	TEST_ASSERT((test_ethdev_configure_port(rx_portb) == 0),
+			"test ethdev configure ports rx_portb is failed");
+	TEST_ASSERT((test_ethdev_configure_port(rxtx_portc) == 0),
+			"test ethdev configure ports rxtx_portc is failed");
+
+	return TEST_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+test_get_stats_for_port(void)
+{
+	TEST_ASSERT(test_get_stats(rxtx_portc) == 0, "test get stats failed");
+	return TEST_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+test_stats_reset_for_port(void)
+{
+	TEST_ASSERT(test_stats_reset(rxtx_portc) == 0, "test stats reset failed");
+	return TEST_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static struct
+unit_test_suite test_pmd_ring_suite  = {
+	.setup = test_pmd_ringcreate_setup,
+	.teardown = test_cleanup_resources,
+	.suite_name = "Test Pmd Ring Unit Test Suite",
+	.unit_test_cases = {
+		TEST_CASE(test_ethdev_configure_ports),
+		TEST_CASE(test_send_basic_packets),
+		TEST_CASE(test_get_stats_for_port),
+		TEST_CASE(test_stats_reset_for_port),
+		TEST_CASE(test_pmd_ring_pair_create_attach),
+		TEST_CASE(test_command_line_ring_port),
+		TEST_CASES_END()
+	}
+};
+
+static int
+test_pmd_ring(void)
+{
+	return unit_test_suite_runner(&test_pmd_ring_suite);
 }
 
 REGISTER_TEST_COMMAND(ring_pmd_autotest, test_pmd_ring);