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+.. BSD LICENSE
+ Copyright(c) 2016 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ are met:
+
+ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ distribution.
+ * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
+ contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+ from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+Flow bifurcation guide
+======================
+
+Flow bifurcation is a mechanism which depends the advanced Ethernet device to
+split traffic between Linux user space and kernel space. Because it is hardware
+assisted design, this approach can provide the line rate processing capability.
+Other than KNI, the SW is just required to device configuration, no need to
+take care of the packet movement during the traffic split. This can get more
+performance with less CPU overhead.
+
+The Flow bifurcation takes advantage of Ethernet device feature to split the
+incoming data traffic to user space application (Such as DPDK application)
+and/or kernel space program (Linux kernel stack). It can direct some traffic
+(e.g data plane traffic) to DPDK, while direct some other traffic (e.g control
+plane traffic) to the traditional Linux networking stack.
+
+There are a number of technical options to achieve this. A typical example is
+to combine the technology of SR-IOV and packet classification filtering.
+
+SR-IOV is a PCI standard that allows the same physical adapter to split as
+multiple virtual functions. Each virtual function has separated queues with
+physical function. Traffic with a virtual function's destination MAC address
+from network adapter will be directed to it. In a sense, SR-IOV has the
+capability on queue division.
+
+Packet classification filtering is the hardware capability available on most
+network adapters. Filters can be configured to direct specific flows to a given
+receive queue by hardware. Different NIC may have different filter types to
+direct flow to a Virtual Function or a queue belong to it.
+
+Linux network can receive the specific traffic through kernel driver, while
+DPDK can receive the specific traffic bypassing the Linux kernel by using
+drivers like VFIO or DPDK igb_uio module.
+
+.. _figure_flow_bifurcation_overview:
+
+.. figure:: img/flow_bifurcation_overview.*
+
+ Flow Bifucation Overview
+
+
+Use Flow bifurcation on IXGBE in Linux
+--------------------------------------
+
+On Intel 82599 10 Gigabit Ethernet Controller series NICs, Flow bifurcation
+can be achieved by SR-IOV and flow director technologies. So the traffic can
+be directed to queues by flow director capability, typically by matching 5-tuple
+of UDP/TCP packets.
+
+The step procedure is as following:
+
+#. Boot system without iommu, or with ``iommu=pt``.
+
+#. Create Virtual Functions:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ echo 2 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:01:00.0/sriov_numvfs
+
+#. Enable and set flow filters:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ ethtool -K eth1 ntuple on
+ ethtool -N eth1 flow-type udp4 src-ip 192.0.2.2 dst-ip 198.51.100.2 \
+ action $queue_index_in_VF0
+ ethtool -N eth1 flow-type udp4 src-ip 198.51.100.2 dst-ip 192.0.2.2 \
+ action $queue_index_in_VF1
+
+ where:
+
+ * $queue_index_in_PF: [queue index]
+
+ * $queue_index_in_VFn: Bits 39:32 of the variable defines VF id + 1; lower 32 bits indicates the queue index of VF.
+
+ * $queue_index_in_VF0 = (0x1 & 0xFF) << 32 + [queue index];
+
+ * $queue_index_in_VF1 = (0x2 & 0xFF) << 32 + [queue index];
+
+ .. _figure_ixgbe_bifu_queue_idx:
+
+ .. figure:: img/ixgbe_bifu_queue_idx.*
+
+#. Compile the DPDK and insert igb_uio or probe vfio-pci kernel modules as normal.
+
+#. Bind virtual function:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ modprobe vfio-pci
+ dpdk_nic_bind.py -b vfio-pci 01:10.0
+ dpdk_nic_bind.py -b vfio-pci 01:10.1
+
+#. run DPDK application on VFs:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ testpmd -c 0xff -n 4 -- -i -w 01:10.0 -w 01:10.1 --forward-mode=mac
+
+In this example, traffic matching the rules will go through VF by matching the
+filter rule. All other traffic which mismatching the rules, will go through
+the default queue or scaling on queues in PF. That is to say UDP packets with
+those IP source and destination addresses will go through the DPDK. All other
+traffic, with different hosts or different protocols, will go through the Linux
+networking stack.
+
+.. note::
+
+ * The above steps work on the Linux kernel v4.2.
+
+ * The Flow bifurcation is implemented in Linux kernel and ixgbe kernel driver by following patches:
+
+ * `ethtool: Add helper routines to pass vf to rx_flow_spec <https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/476511/>`_
+
+ * `ixgbe: Allow flow director to use entire queue space <https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/476516/>`_
+
+ * Ethtool's version used in this example is 3.18.
+
+
+Use Flow bifurcation on I40E in Linux
+-------------------------------------
+
+On Intel X710/XL710 series Ethernet Controllers, Flow bifurcation can be achieved
+by SR-IOV , cloud filter and L3 VEB switch. So the traffic can be directed to queues by
+cloud filter and L3 VEB switch's matching rule.
+
+* L3 VEB filter for non-tunnelled packets. It can direct a packet just by the
+ Destination IP address to a queue in a VF.
+
+* Cloud filters for tunnelled packets have following types.
+
+ * Inner mac
+
+ * Inner mac + VNI
+
+ * Outer mac + Inner mac + VNI
+
+ * Inner mac + Inner vlan + VNI
+
+ * Inner mac + Inner vlan
+
+The step procedure is as following:
+
+#. Boot system without iommu, or with ``iommu=pt``.
+
+#. Build and insert i40e.ko module.
+
+#. Create Virtual Functions:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ echo 2 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:01:00.0/sriov_numvfs
+
+#. Add udp port offload to NIC if using cloud filter:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ ip li add vxlan0 type vxlan id 42 group 239.1.1.1 local 10.16.43.214 dev <dev_name>
+ ifconfig vxlan0 up
+ ip -d li show vxlan0
+
+ .. note::
+
+ Print ``add vxlan port 8472, index 0 success`` can be found in system log.
+
+#. Enable and set flow filters:
+
+ * L3 VEB filter, route whose dest IP = 192.168.50.108 to VF 0's queue 2.
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ ethtool -N <dev_name> flow-type ip4 dst-ip 192.168.50.108 \
+ user-def 0xffffffff00000000 action 2 loc 8
+
+ * Inner mac, route whose inner dest mac = 0:0:0:0:9:0 to PF's queue 6.
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ ethtool -N <dev_name> flow-type ether dst 00:00:00:00:00:00 \
+ m ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff src 00:00:00:00:09:00 m 00:00:00:00:00:00 \
+ user-def 0xffffffff00000003 action 6 loc 1
+
+ * Inner mac + VNI, route whose inner dest mac = 0:0:0:0:9:0 and VNI = 8 to PF's queue 4.
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ ethtool -N <dev_name> flow-type ether dst 00:00:00:00:00:00 \
+ m ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff src 00:00:00:00:09:00 m 00:00:00:00:00:00 \
+ user-def 0x800000003 action 4 loc 4
+
+ * Outer mac + Inner mac + VNI, route whose outer mac= 68:05:ca:24:03:8b, inner dest mac
+ = c2:1a:e1:53:bc:57, and VNI = 8 to PF's queue 2.
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ ethtool -N <dev_name> flow-type ether dst 68:05:ca:24:03:8b \
+ m 00:00:00:00:00:00 src c2:1a:e1:53:bc:57 m 00:00:00:00:00:00 \
+ user-def 0x800000003 action 2 loc 2
+
+ * Inner mac + Inner vlan + VNI, route whose inner dest mac = 00:00:00:00:20:00,
+ inner vlan = 10, and VNI = 8 to VF 0's queue 1
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ ethtool -N <dev_name> flow-type ether dst 00:00:00:00:01:00 \
+ m ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff src 00:00:00:00:20:00 m 00:00:00:00:00:00 \
+ vlan 10 user-def 0x800000000 action 1 loc 5
+
+ * Inner mac + Inner vlan, route whose inner dest mac = 00:00:00:00:20:00,
+ and inner vlan = 10 to VF 0's queue 1
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ ethtool -N <dev_name> flow-type ether dst 00:00:00:00:01:00 \
+ m ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff src 00:00:00:00:20:00 m 00:00:00:00:00:00 \
+ vlan 10 user-def 0xffffffff00000000 action 1 loc 5
+
+ .. note::
+
+ * If the upper 32 bits of 'user-def' are 0xffffffff, then the filter can
+ be used for programming an L3 VEB filter, otherwise the upper 32 bits
+ of 'user-def' can carry the tenant ID/VNI if specified/required.
+
+ * Cloud filters can be defined with inner mac, outer mac, inner ip, inner vlan
+ and VNI as part of the cloud tuple. It is always the Destination (not source)
+ mac/ip that these filters, filter on. For all these examples dst and src mac
+ address fields are overloaded dst == outer, src == inner.
+
+ * Filter will be directing a packet who matching the rule to a vf id
+ specified in the lower 32 bit of user-def to queue specified by 'action'.
+
+ * If the vf id specified by the lower 32 bit of user-def is greater than
+ or equal to max_vfs, then the filter is for the PF queues.
+
+#. Compile the DPDK and insert igb_uio or probe vfio-pci kernel modules as normal.
+
+#. Bind virtual function:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ modprobe vfio-pci
+ dpdk_nic_bind.py -b vfio-pci 01:10.0
+ dpdk_nic_bind.py -b vfio-pci 01:10.1
+
+#. run DPDK application on VFs:
+
+ .. code-block:: console
+
+ testpmd -c 0xff -n 4 -- -i -w 01:10.0 -w 01:10.1 --forward-mode=mac
+
+.. note::
+
+ * The above steps work on the i40e Linux kernel driver v1.5.16.
+
+ * Ethtool's version used in this example is 3.18. And the mask ``ff`` means not involved, while ``00`` or don't set mask means involved.
+
+ * For more details of the configuration, can refer to the `cloud filter test plan <http://dpdk.org/browse/tools/dts/tree/test_plans/cloud_filter_test_plan.rst>`_
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@@ -36,3 +36,4 @@ How To User Guide
:numbered:
lm_bond_virtio_sriov
+ flow_bifurcation