[v2,6/7] dts: remove multi-inheritance classes

Multi inheritance has proven to be flaky in Python, therefore revert
back to a simpler approach where classes will only inherit one base
class. As part of this change, instead of making the
ScapyTrafficGenerator class inehrit a PythonShell, use simple class
composition, by making the shell a class attribute.

Signed-off-by: Luca Vizzarro <luca.vizzarro@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Szczepanek <paul.szczepanek@arm.com>
---
 .../remote_session/interactive_shell.py       |  9 +----
 .../testbed_model/traffic_generator/scapy.py  | 38 +++++++++----------
 .../traffic_generator/traffic_generator.py    |  6 +--
 dts/framework/utils.py                        | 14 -------
 4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)
  

Reviewed-by: Dean Marx <dmarx@iol.unh.edu>
  

Reviewed-by: Patrick Robb <probb@iol.unh.edu>
  

Reviewed-by: Nicholas Pratte <npratte@iol.unh.edu>

On Fri, Mar 14, 2025 at 9:19 AM Luca Vizzarro <luca.vizzarro@arm.com> wrote:
>
> Multi inheritance has proven to be flaky in Python, therefore revert
> back to a simpler approach where classes will only inherit one base
> class. As part of this change, instead of making the
> ScapyTrafficGenerator class inehrit a PythonShell, use simple class
> composition, by making the shell a class attribute.
>
> Signed-off-by: Luca Vizzarro <luca.vizzarro@arm.com>
> Reviewed-by: Paul Szczepanek <paul.szczepanek@arm.com>
> ---
>  .../remote_session/interactive_shell.py       |  9 +----
>  .../testbed_model/traffic_generator/scapy.py  | 38 +++++++++----------
>  .../traffic_generator/traffic_generator.py    |  6 +--
>  dts/framework/utils.py                        | 14 -------
>  4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/dts/framework/remote_session/interactive_shell.py b/dts/framework/remote_session/interactive_shell.py
> index 6b7ca0b6af..d7e566e5c4 100644
> --- a/dts/framework/remote_session/interactive_shell.py
> +++ b/dts/framework/remote_session/interactive_shell.py
> @@ -37,10 +37,9 @@
>  from framework.params import Params
>  from framework.settings import SETTINGS
>  from framework.testbed_model.node import Node
> -from framework.utils import MultiInheritanceBaseClass
>
>
> -class InteractiveShell(MultiInheritanceBaseClass, ABC):
> +class InteractiveShell(ABC):
>      """The base class for managing interactive shells.
>
>      This class shouldn't be instantiated directly, but instead be extended. It contains
> @@ -90,20 +89,15 @@ def __init__(
>          name: str | None = None,
>          privileged: bool = False,
>          app_params: Params = Params(),
> -        **kwargs,
>      ) -> None:
>          """Create an SSH channel during initialization.
>
> -        Additional keyword arguments can be passed through `kwargs` if needed for fulfilling other
> -        constructors in the case of multiple inheritance.
> -
>          Args:
>              node: The node on which to run start the interactive shell.
>              name: Name for the interactive shell to use for logging. This name will be appended to
>                  the name of the underlying node which it is running on.
>              privileged: Enables the shell to run as superuser.
>              app_params: The command line parameters to be passed to the application on startup.
> -            **kwargs: Any additional arguments if any.
>          """
>          self._node = node
>          if name is None:
> @@ -112,7 +106,6 @@ def __init__(
>          self._app_params = app_params
>          self._privileged = privileged
>          self._timeout = SETTINGS.timeout
> -        super().__init__(**kwargs)
>
>      def _setup_ssh_channel(self):
>          self._ssh_channel = self._node.main_session.interactive_session.session.invoke_shell()
> diff --git a/dts/framework/testbed_model/traffic_generator/scapy.py b/dts/framework/testbed_model/traffic_generator/scapy.py
> index 520561b2eb..78a6ded74c 100644
> --- a/dts/framework/testbed_model/traffic_generator/scapy.py
> +++ b/dts/framework/testbed_model/traffic_generator/scapy.py
> @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
>  from .capturing_traffic_generator import CapturingTrafficGenerator
>
>
> -class ScapyTrafficGenerator(PythonShell, CapturingTrafficGenerator):
> +class ScapyTrafficGenerator(CapturingTrafficGenerator):
>      """Provides access to scapy functions on a traffic generator node.
>
>      This class extends the base with remote execution of scapy functions. All methods for
> @@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ class also extends :class:`.capturing_traffic_generator.CapturingTrafficGenerato
>      first.
>      """
>
> +    _shell: PythonShell
> +
>      _config: ScapyTrafficGeneratorConfig
>
>      #: Name of sniffer to ensure the same is used in all places
> @@ -82,25 +84,21 @@ def __init__(self, tg_node: Node, config: ScapyTrafficGeneratorConfig, **kwargs)
>              tg_node.config.os == OS.linux
>          ), "Linux is the only supported OS for scapy traffic generation"
>
> -        super().__init__(node=tg_node, config=config, tg_node=tg_node, **kwargs)
> -        self.start_application()
> +        super().__init__(tg_node=tg_node, config=config, **kwargs)
> +        self._shell = PythonShell(tg_node, "scapy", privileged=True)
>
>      def setup(self, ports: Iterable[Port]):
>          """Extends :meth:`.traffic_generator.TrafficGenerator.setup`.
>
> -        Brings up the port links.
> +        Starts up the traffic generator and brings up the port links.
>          """
> -        super().setup(ports)
>          self._tg_node.main_session.bring_up_link(ports)
> +        self._shell.start_application()
> +        self._shell.send_command("from scapy.all import *")
>
> -    def start_application(self) -> None:
> -        """Extends :meth:`framework.remote_session.interactive_shell.start_application`.
> -
> -        Adds a command that imports everything from the scapy library immediately after starting
> -        the shell for usage in later calls to the methods of this class.
> -        """
> -        super().start_application()
> -        self.send_command("from scapy.all import *")
> +    def close(self):
> +        """Close traffic generator."""
> +        self._shell.close()
>
>      def _send_packets(self, packets: list[Packet], port: Port) -> None:
>          """Implementation for sending packets without capturing any received traffic.
> @@ -116,7 +114,7 @@ def _send_packets(self, packets: list[Packet], port: Port) -> None:
>              "verbose=True",
>              ")",
>          ]
> -        self.send_command(f"\n{self._python_indentation}".join(send_command))
> +        self._shell.send_command(f"\n{self._python_indentation}".join(send_command))
>
>      def _send_packets_and_capture(
>          self,
> @@ -155,7 +153,7 @@ def _shell_set_packet_list(self, packets: list[Packet]) -> None:
>              packets: The list of packets to recreate in the shell.
>          """
>          self._logger.info("Building a list of packets to send.")
> -        self.send_command(
> +        self._shell.send_command(
>              f"{self._send_packet_list_name} = [{', '.join(map(Packet.command, packets))}]"
>          )
>
> @@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ def _shell_create_sniffer(
>          """
>          self._shell_set_packet_list(packets_to_send)
>
> -        self.send_command("import time")
> +        self._shell.send_command("import time")
>          sniffer_commands = [
>              f"{self._sniffer_name} = AsyncSniffer(",
>              f"iface='{recv_port.logical_name}',",
> @@ -220,7 +218,7 @@ def _shell_create_sniffer(
>          if filter_config:
>              sniffer_commands.insert(-1, f"filter='{filter_config}'")
>
> -        self.send_command(f"\n{self._python_indentation}".join(sniffer_commands))
> +        self._shell.send_command(f"\n{self._python_indentation}".join(sniffer_commands))
>
>      def _shell_start_and_stop_sniffing(self, duration: float) -> list[Packet]:
>          """Start asynchronous sniffer, run for a set `duration`, then collect received packets.
> @@ -237,12 +235,12 @@ def _shell_start_and_stop_sniffing(self, duration: float) -> list[Packet]:
>              A list of all packets that were received while the sniffer was running.
>          """
>          sniffed_packets_name = "gathered_packets"
> -        self.send_command(f"{self._sniffer_name}.start()")
> +        self._shell.send_command(f"{self._sniffer_name}.start()")
>          # Insert a one second delay to prevent timeout errors from occurring
>          time.sleep(duration + 1)
> -        self.send_command(f"{sniffed_packets_name} = {self._sniffer_name}.stop(join=True)")
> +        self._shell.send_command(f"{sniffed_packets_name} = {self._sniffer_name}.stop(join=True)")
>          # An extra newline is required here due to the nature of interactive Python shells
> -        packet_strs = self.send_command(
> +        packet_strs = self._shell.send_command(
>              f"for pakt in {sniffed_packets_name}: print(bytes_base64(pakt.build()))\n"
>          )
>          # In the string of bytes "b'XXXX'", we only want the contents ("XXXX")
> diff --git a/dts/framework/testbed_model/traffic_generator/traffic_generator.py b/dts/framework/testbed_model/traffic_generator/traffic_generator.py
> index 804662e114..fbd9771eba 100644
> --- a/dts/framework/testbed_model/traffic_generator/traffic_generator.py
> +++ b/dts/framework/testbed_model/traffic_generator/traffic_generator.py
> @@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
>  from framework.logger import DTSLogger, get_dts_logger
>  from framework.testbed_model.node import Node
>  from framework.testbed_model.port import Port
> -from framework.utils import MultiInheritanceBaseClass, get_packet_summaries
> +from framework.utils import get_packet_summaries
>
>
> -class TrafficGenerator(MultiInheritanceBaseClass, ABC):
> +class TrafficGenerator(ABC):
>      """The base traffic generator.
>
>      Exposes the common public methods of all traffic generators and defines private methods
> @@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ def __init__(self, tg_node: Node, config: TrafficGeneratorConfig, **kwargs):
>          self._config = config
>          self._tg_node = tg_node
>          self._logger = get_dts_logger(f"{self._tg_node.name} {self._config.type}")
> -        super().__init__(**kwargs)
>
>      def setup(self, ports: Iterable[Port]):
>          """Setup the traffic generator."""
>
>      def teardown(self, ports: Iterable[Port]):
>          """Teardown the traffic generator."""
> +        self.close()
>
>      def send_packet(self, packet: Packet, port: Port) -> None:
>          """Send `packet` and block until it is fully sent.
> diff --git a/dts/framework/utils.py b/dts/framework/utils.py
> index d6f4c11d58..24277633c0 100644
> --- a/dts/framework/utils.py
> +++ b/dts/framework/utils.py
> @@ -299,20 +299,6 @@ def _make_packet() -> Packet:
>      return [_make_packet() for _ in range(number_of)]
>
>
> -class MultiInheritanceBaseClass:
> -    """A base class for classes utilizing multiple inheritance.
> -
> -    This class enables it's subclasses to support both single and multiple inheritance by acting as
> -    a stopping point in the tree of calls to the constructors of superclasses. This class is able
> -    to exist at the end of the Method Resolution Order (MRO) so that subclasses can call
> -    :meth:`super.__init__` without repercussion.
> -    """
> -
> -    def __init__(self) -> None:
> -        """Call the init method of :class:`object`."""
> -        super().__init__()
> -
> -
>  def to_pascal_case(text: str) -> str:
>      """Convert `text` from snake_case to PascalCase."""
>      return "".join([seg.capitalize() for seg in text.split("_")])
> --
> 2.43.0
>